End-Fired Glass Furnace
Commonly used for container glass, daily-use glass and medium or small glass production lines. Key areas include the charging end, melting tank, ports and regenerators.
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Get PriceCommonly used for container glass, daily-use glass and medium or small glass production lines. Key areas include the charging end, melting tank, ports and regenerators.
Commonly used for float glass and large glass tank furnaces. Key refractory areas include the crown, breast wall, sidewall, bottom and regenerators.
High combustion temperature and strong alkali vapor corrosion make the crown, breast wall, glass contact line and throat especially important.
Often used for specialty glass, borosilicate glass and glass fiber. Electrode blocks, sidewalls, bottom blocks and flow channels require stable refractories.
Suitable for art glass, small-batch glass and specialty glass production. This section can support long-tail product keywords.
In an end-fired furnace, flame enters from one end and returns in a U-shaped path. The port area, melting tank sidewalls, bottom and regenerators are key refractory zones.
Side-fired furnaces are widely used in large tank furnaces. They require strong refractory design for crowns, breast walls, sidewalls and regenerators.
Oxy-fuel furnaces have high combustion efficiency, but temperature and alkali vapor corrosion are concentrated. Crown, breast wall, glass contact line and throat materials need higher stability.
Electric furnaces are often used for specialty glass. Refractory selection must control glass contamination and support stable operation near electrode openings.
| Comparison | End-Fired Furnace | Side-Fired Furnace | Oxy-Fuel Furnace | Electric Furnace | Crucible Furnace |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heating Method | Air-fuel combustion with reversing | Air-fuel combustion | Oxygen-fuel combustion | Electric heating | Gas or electric heating |
| Regenerator | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Typical Crown Material | High-purity Silica Brick | Premium Silica Brick | Fused-cast AZS / α-β alumina / spinel brick | High alumina / fireclay brick | Refractory brick |
| Key Refractory Challenges | Flame erosion; thermal shock from reversing | Flame erosion; alkali dust attack | High alkali vapor and steam exposure | Electrode corrosion; glass contamination | Thermal shock; crucible replacement |
| Refractory Cost | Medium | High | Highest in upper structure | Medium | Low; crucible is the key component |
| Furnace Type | Key Components | Common Refractories | Recommended Refractories |
|---|---|---|---|
| End-Fired Furnace | Furnace Melting tank, crown, regenerator | Tank wall: AZS-33; Crown: silica brick; Checkerwork: magnesia-chrome brick | Tank wall: shrinkage-free AZS-41; Crown: high-density silica brick; Checkerwork: direct-bonded magnesia-chrome / high-purity magnesia brick |
| Side-Fired Furnace | Melting tank, crown, breastwall, regenerator, ports | Tank wall: AZS-33; Crown: silica brick; Checkerwork: magnesia / magnesia-chrome brick | Tank wall: 30% Cr₂O₃ chrome-zirconia-alumina brick; Crown: premium silica brick; Checkerwork: magnesia-zirconia / fused-cast mullite brick |
| Oxy-Fuel Furnace | Melting tank, crown, breastwall, sidewalls | Crown: fused-cast AZS / alumina; Tank wall: AZS-33–41 | Crown & breastwall: fused-cast α-β alumina or ER1851 AZS; Tank wall: high-zirconia ER1195 |
| Electric Furnace | Melting tank, electrodes, throat, upper structure | Tank/electrodes: AZS-41; Crown: high alumina / fireclay brick | Tank/electrodes: shrinkage-free AZS-41; Crown: high alumina brick; Cooling section: α-β alumina brick |
| Crucible Furnace | Crucible, furnace lining | Crucible: clay-kaolin / fused silica; Lining: fireclay brick | Crucible: fused silica / high alumina / platinum, depending on glass; Lining: high-grade high alumina brick + lightweight insulation |
Glass furnace melting tank sidewalls commonly use fused cast AZS brick because this area is exposed to high-temperature glass liquid and requires strong resistance to corrosion and erosion.
Glass furnace crowns operate at high temperature and carry structural load. High-quality silica brick provides good refractoriness under load and high-temperature volume stability.
AZS 33# is often used in general glass contact areas, AZS 36# is suitable for stronger corrosion zones such as sidewalls and glass contact lines, and AZS 41# is commonly used in critical areas such as throats and flow channels.
Regenerator checker bricks should be selected according to flue gas temperature, dust composition, blockage risk and heat exchange efficiency. Common options include high alumina, magnesia-alumina, magnesia and mullite checker bricks.
End-fired furnaces focus more on the end port area, regenerators and flame return zone. Side-fired furnaces are usually larger and require stronger overall refractory design for the crown, breast wall, sidewall and regenerators.